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the example of writitng proposal (the effect of think aloud strategy toward students reading comprehension skill study at Class XII IPA 3 of 12th grade SMAN 1 Kras,Kediri in academic year 2010/2011.)

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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

1.1  Background of the Problem
Nowdays, reading has become very important for learners of English as a second or as a foreign language. Reading may help students not only to develop reading but also speaking, writing and listening skills. For instance, conversational performances (e.g. dialogues and debates); writing tasks; and listening activities (if the reading is aloud) can be arisen from a text (Cardona, 1999). When people read, their level of thinking increases; in other words, the more people read the more they learn. Once known the importance of reading in learning a language is focused on reading comprehension.
Comprehension is the ultimate goal of reading. Everyone agrees that reading comprehension is not a simple matter of recognizing individual words, or even of understanding each individual word as our eyes pass over it. All models of comprehension recognize the need for readers to build up a mental representation of text, a process that requires integration across a range of sources of information, from lexical features through to knowledge concerning events in the world. In the other words, comprehension doesn’t just happen, but also it requires efforts from the reader (Neufeld, 2005). Readers must intentionally and purposefully work to create the meaning from what they read.
Given the complex nature of reading comprehension, it is not surprising that some individuals have difficulties in this area. It also happens in the 12th grade of SMAN 1 Kras, Kediri especially in class XII IPA 3. Students have low understanding of the text as well as are not able to monitor their thinking as they read. Those are revealed when mostly of the students cannot describe the main idea, cannot find the specific information and implicit information of the text given. They also easy to forget what they have read when interrupted of something.
 So, the right strategy is a necessity to overcome those problems. One of various strategies can be implemented , is Think Aloud strategy. Think aloud helps to enhance student’s ability of the thinking process and understand what they comprehend (Block & Israel, 2004). It allows for the reader to connect meaning and understanding with the text. Block and Israel (2004), say that, students feel that think aloud is beneficial for their thinking process, when the correct method is taught to them and  it allows for teachers to become better educator. Teachers show their thinking process and how their thoughts are occurring during the reading for students who are struggling with comprehension. Through using thinking aloud, teachers are able to vocalize how they think as they read (Davey, 1983). Along with the hands on learning, learning from text is one of important aspect of any content areas. If students are taught comprehension strategies explicitly, this can help them to read more effectively in other contents area. According to Neufeld (2005), comprehension strategy instruction, will be the most effective, if it is being taught in context with what students are learning. If they expected to read something, then they need to be taught the comprehension strategies that will help them to understand this new concept.
The question  is why use “think aloud” in improving reading comprehension. According to Smilovitz (1994), it is used for several purposes: first, it helps student to learn to monitor their thinking as they read and improve their comprehension. Second, it teaches student to reread a sentence, read ahead to clarify, and /or look for context clues to make sense of what they read. Third, it slows down reading process and allows students to monitor their understanding of a text.
For all the explanations mentioned above, we carried out this research project focused on the effect of think aloud strategy toward students reading comprehension skill study at Class XII IPA 3 of 12th grade SMAN 1 Kras,Kediri in academic year 2010/2011.

1.2  Limitation of the Problem
The research is limited to the following scope :
1.      The subject of this research is all pupils in one class at Class XII IPA 3 of 12th grade of SMAN 1 Kras, Kediri in academic year 2010/2011
2.      The object of this research is think aloud strategy itself, whether think aloud is effective in teaching reading comprehension at Class XII IPA 3 of 12th grade of SMAN 1 Kras, Kediri in academic year 2010/2011

1.3  Formulation of the Problems
The problems which are investigated in this research are
1.      Is think aloud strategy effective in teaching reading comprehension at Class XII IPA 3 of 12th grade of SMAN 1 Kras ,Kediri in academic year 2010/2011?
2.      To what extent the effectiveness of think aloud strategy toward students’ reading comprehension skill at Class XII IPA 3 of 12th grade of SMAN 1 Kras, Kediri in academic year 2010/2011
1.4  Purpose of the Research
This research is aimed at finding out :
1.      Think aloud is effective in teaching reading comprehension at Class XII IPA 3 of 12th grade of SMAN 1 Kras, Kediri in academic year 2010/2011
2.      The effectiveness of think aloud strategy toward students’ reading comprehension skill at Class XII IPA 3 of 12th grade of SMAN 1 Kras, Kediri in academic year 2010/2011

1.5  Significances of the Research
            The result of this research is expected to be used theoretically and practically
1.      Theoretically
a.       The result of this study is expected to be able to widen the skill of teachers in using think aloud strategy in order to improve student’s reading skill
b.      As a reference to other researchers who want to study think aloud strategy more intensively in teaching reading
2.      Practically
c.       The result of this study is suggested to apply the think aloud strategy to increase the students’ competence in English reading skill
d.      The use of think aloud strategy in reading can make the students are more enjoyable in doing their tasks associated with the reading materials


1.6  Hypothesis of the Research
A hypothesis is a statement of  the research assumption about the relationship between two variables that the researcher plans to test within the framework of the researcher study (Kumar, 1993: 9).
The hypothesis of this study was prepared as a tentative answer for the research problem stated previously. In this case the alternative hypothesis as read follow:
     Think Aloud Strategy has effect toward Students Reading Skill at Class XII IPA 3 of 12th grade of SMAN 1 Kras ,Kediri in academic year of 2010/2011”
Because of statistical computation the alternative hypothesis need to be change into null hypothesis (Ho)as follow:
     Think Aloud Strategy has not effect toward Students Reading Comprehension  at Class XII IPA 3 of 12th grade of SMAN 1 Kras ,Kediri in academic year of 2010/2011”

1.7 definition of Key Term
1.5  Reading
Reading is a kind of activity in translating written symbols into corresponding sound. Reading skills enable readers to turn writing into meaning and achieve the goals of independence, comprehension, and fluency
2.5  Reading Comprehension
According to Sheng (2003) reading comprehension is the measurement of student’s ability to read with understanding, insight and discrimination
3.5  Think Aloud Strategy
Think-aloud has been described as "eavesdropping on someone's thinking." With this strategy, teachers verbalize aloud while reading a selection orally. Their verbalizations include describing things they're doing as they read to monitor their comprehension. The purpose of the think-aloud strategy is to model for students how skilled readers construct meaning from a text. The think-aloud strategy asks students to say out loud what they are thinking about when reading, solving math problems, or simply responding to questions posed by teachers or other students


CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter presents about some related information topic of the recent study. It is intended to provide some theoretical concepts which could support this investigation. The discussion is presented under the following sub headings:
1) The Nature of Reading, 2) The Process of reading in a Foreign Language, 3) Reading Comprehension, 4) Reading Comprehension Strategy, 5) Aspects of Reading Comprehension , 6) Think Aloud , 7) How to Teach Using Think Aloud, 8) The Related Study , 9) Theoretical Framework

2.1  The Nature of Reading
As this investigation has to do with interaction, the following definitions about reading are aimed to reading as a form of interaction. In that sense, Aebersold & Field (1997) cited Rumelharts definition about reading to state that Reading involves the reader, the text and the interaction between reader and the text. (p. 5). Additionally, there is another author like Bernhardt cited by Ediger (2001) who refers to reading as an important tool of interaction which involves a text, a reader, and a social context(p. 154).These definitions fit our investigation well enough because in our study we are in a constant interaction with students and students with the text, in order to build understanding.
Another element considered for reading is how the reader has to interpret the text, using the prior knowledge that he may have at that moment (Hudelson, cited by Ediger 2001). That is to say that, at the moment of reading any text, the reades objective is to understand what he reads, bearing in mind mainly his prior knowledge to interpret the key ideas of the text and the context in which the reading is taking place.
Finally, Nuttall cited by Aebersold and Field (1997) argues that reading is like an infectious disease: it is caught not taught. (And you can´t catch it from someone who hasn´t got it) (p.192). This statement already mentioned above by Nuttall, is relevant to our study since in this investigation what we are doing is modelling students how to use reading strategies for comprehending reading texts.
2.2  The Process of Reading in a Foreign Language
There are several authors who comment about the process of reading in a foreign language. Goodman cited by Cardona (1999) points out that the reading process is universal since the general purpose in all languages is to get meaning from the text
(p.35). Accordingly, the only thing which matters is to know how to read, and once the person acquired that skill in the mother tongue, this person is able to use it in other languages as well.
Another main assumption about the process of reading in a foreign language is that there are several factors such as oral knowledge, the script of the native language, literacy level in the native language and the students incentive that affect studentsability to read in a foreign language (Bouchard; Douroudous; & Motta, 1979). Notwithstanding, authors like Alliende & Condemarin, Carbonell, & Smith cited by Cardona (1999) agree that for reading in a foreign language, the reader does not require to have a perfect linguistic competence, whenever if the texts are not complicated in terms of linguistic structure and if they are accessible for the readerscognitive capacity (p. 35). It means that readers can deal with foreign readings if these texts are easy to understand. That is why in this study it was decided to use short stories because they are simple as well as accessible for the tenth students proficiency level.
In order to remark the difference between the reading process in first language and second language, other authors state that the difference between L1 and L2 readers is that L2 readers generally have weaker linguistic skills and a more limited vocabulary than do L1 readers. L2 students may also have some difficulties recognizing the ways in which texts are organized and how the information is presented, leading to possible comprehension problems (Grabe and Stoller, 2001). That is why, it is very important to know how a foreign reader deals with the comprehension process of any text in that target language.

2.3  Reading Comprehension
A neurological definition states that the ability to provide accurate responses regarding questions concerning written language is defined as reading comprehension (Community Transitions, 1988). Nevertheless, Kintsch & Kintsch and Pressley & Block cited by Brigham, et. al (2007) argue that reading comprehension is not only concerning with written language but is a process of involving the integration of decoding ability, vocabulary knowledge, prior knowledge of the topic considered, and relevant strategies to make sense of a text and understand it” (p.1). As reading comprehension is more than understanding the written language, understanding text involves a series of strategies that the reader should use in order to make sense of the text. Gillam, Fargo & Robertson (2009), cite several authors to illustrate that comprehension is a complex set of processes that involves the encoding of facts, the activation of knowledge, and the generation of inferences to connect information in ways that make it understandable and memorable (p.1).Thus, reading comprehension is a matter of providing accurate responses but taking into account vocabulary and prior knowledge with the purpose of giving meaning to texts.
There is another definition of reading comprehension stated by Snow (2002), which says that reading comprehension is a process extracting and constructing meaning through interaction and involvement with written language (p. 11). According to this definition, we believe that through interactive activities is much easier to comprehend the readings. In order to comprehend a text Carrell; Carson et al. & Shih are cited by Aebersold and Field (1997) to stipulate that becoming more aware of what readers do when they read, becoming more conscious of their own reading processes, is a powerful tool for improving reading efficiency(p. 95). Therefore, in order to comprehend a text and to become a proficient reader, an awareness of the process of reading itself is necessary
2.4  Reading Comprehension Strategies
Song (1998) cites Block to state that reading strategies indicate how readers conceive a task, what textual cues they attend to, how they make sense to what they read, and what they do when they do not understand” (p. 1). Hence, before implementing any reading strategy, teachers should be aware of knowing first the term metacognition, which is merely to understand how (not just what) the process of knowing and perceiving is given in readers (Aebersold and Field, 1997). Once known what this term implies, it is also very important to be familiarized with the concept of  metacognitive awareness which is the process that enables learners to assess their level of comprehension and adjust their strategies for greater success (Baker & Brown, 1984). Therefore, the implementation of reading strategies should be linked to a metacognitive process because students should be able to use the reading strategies when necessary.

       2.7       Aspect of Reading Comprehension
According to Sheng (2003) reading comprehension questions measure student’s ability to read with understanding, insight and discrimination. This type of question explores the ability to analyze a written passage from several perspectives, including student’s ability to recognize both explicitly stated elements in the passage and assumptions underlying statements or arguments in the passage as well as the implications of those statements or arguments. Because the written passage upon which the questions are based presents a sustained discussion of a particular topic.
There are six types of reading comprehension questions. These types focus on these aspects.
(1)   The main idea or primary purpose of the passage;
(2)   Information explicitly stated in the passage;
(3)   Information or ideas implied or suggested by the author;
(4)   Possible applications of the author’s ideas to other situations, including the identification of situations or processes analogous to those described in the passage;
(5)   The author’s logic, reasoning, or persuasive technique;
(6)   The tone of the passage or the author’s attitude as it is revealed in the language used.

2.1  Think Aloud
In this research, it was decided to implement the think-aloud strategy because it was used as an instructional approach, and also because this strategy helped readers to comprehend more easily what was being read by them. Afflerbach and Johnston cited by McKeown and Gentilucci (2007), claim that think-aloud serves firstly as a method of measuring the cognitive reading process, then as metacognitive tool to monitor comprehension. In that sense, the think aloud is appropriate for this study because through this strategy the students can monitor their comprehension process.
Another definition of this strategy is provided by Pressley et al. in McKeown and Gentilucci’s (2007) work: “think-aloud is one of the "transactional strategies" because it is a joint process of teachers and students working together to construct understandings of text as they interact with it” (p. 1). Through the interactions that think aloud promotes, a better understanding of the texts may emerge in the classroom. Think aloud is also a process in which readers report their thoughts while reading (Wade 1990). It helps students to reflect upon their own reading process.
In a similar way, Keene & Zimmerman, (1997) declare that “think aloud is a technique in which students verbalize their thoughts as they read” (p. 1). Thus, this strategy is useful because students are verbalizing all their thought in order to create understanding of the reading texts. Another illustration about think aloud is provided by Tinzmann in Teacher Vision website (2009), he says that:
When students use think out loud with teachers and with one another, they gradually internalize this dialogue [...] it becomes their inner speech, the means by which they direct their own behaviours and problem-solving processes. Therefore, as students think aloud, they learn how to learn, and they develop into reflective, metacognitive, independent learners, an invaluable step in helping students understand that learning requires effort and often is difficult.
This argument encloses all the issues that imply think-aloud in a reading process. Think aloud are also used to model comprehension processes such as making predictions, creating images, linking information in text with prior knowledge, monitoring comprehension, and overcoming problems with word recognition or comprehension (Gunning, 1996 in teacher vision). These sub-strategies will be defined in the ensuing sections.
The think-aloud is a technique in which students verbalize their thoughts as they read and thus bring into the open the strategies they are using to understand a text (Baumann, Jones, & Seifert-Kessell, 1993; Davey, 1983; Wade, 1990). Readers' thoughts might include commenting on or questioning the text, bringing their prior knowledge to bear, or making inferences or predictions.
These comments reveal readers' weaknesses as well as their strengths as comprehenders and allow the teacher to assess their needs in order to plan more effective instruction

       2.7       How to Teach Reading Comprehension Using Think Aloud Strategy
a)       Explain that reading is a complex process that involves thinking and sense-making; the skilled reader's mind is alive with questions she asks herself in order to understand what she reads.
b)      Select a passage to read aloud that contains points that students might find difficult, unknown vocabulary terms, or ambiguous wording. Develop questions you can ask yourself that will show what you think as you confront these problems while reading.
c)      While students read this passage silently, read  it aloud. As you read, verbalize your thoughts, the questions you develop, and the process you use to solve comprehension problems. It is helpful if you alter the tone of your voice, so students know when you are reading and at what points you begin and end thinking aloud.
d)     Coping strategies you can model include:
-        Making predictions or hypotheses as you read: "From what he's said so far, I'll bet that the author is going to give some examples of poor eating habits."
-        Describing the mental pictures you " see" : "When the author talks about vegetables I should include in my diet, I can see our salad bowl at home filled with fresh, green spinach leaves."
-        Demonstrating how you connect this information with prior knowledge: "'Saturated fat'? I know I've heard that term before. I learned it last year when we studied nutrition."
-        Creating analogies: "That description of clogged arteries sounds like traffic clogging up the interstate during rush hour."
-        Verbalizing obstacles and fix-up strategies: "Now what does 'angiogram' mean? Maybe if I reread that section, I'll get the meaning from the other sentences around it: I know I can't skip it because it's in bold-faced print, so it must be important. If I still don't understand, I know I can ask the teacher for help,"
e)      Have students work with partners to practice "think-aloud" when reading short passages of text. Periodically revisit this strategy or have students complete the assessment that follows so these meta comprehension skills become second nature.

       2.8       The related study
As the comparison of  this research, here is a research of The Effect Think Aloud Strategy Toward Students Reading Skill. The researcher is Alexander Moreno cardenas ( 2009 ) with title “The Impact Of The Think-Aloud Strategy In The English Reading Comprehension Of Efl 10th Graders, he found that the students increased their engagement in the activities because of the think-aloud strategy. Through the use this strategy they could interact and construct meaning from the texts at once when they developed the reading tasks. Second, it is important to highlight that the role of the teacher as a guide was crucial in think-aloud because he could assist and foster students to use reading strategies such as predicting, visualizing, and prior knowledge in order to comprehend the reading texts. Being the teacher’s role only as a guide, students then are the main protagonists of the reading process. Third, another positive impact of the think-aloud strategy, is that students constantly mentioned that they had an enhancement in some specific aspects of English language such as: pronunciation, vocabulary, and listening skill

       2.9       Theoretical Framework
Based n the theoretical description and result of the relevant studies, the researcher arrives at theoretical framework of this study.
In teaching and learning process, especially in English, many problems and activities face by the students and also the teachers. So, the role of the teacher should be optimized without take students part in teaching learning procces
In English language teaching in Indonesian, reading is placed in high priority, we can see it from the curriculums. Senior high school curriculums, junior high school curriculum, even at elementary school emphasize the English language teaching on the reading comprehension ability.
Therefore, reading is the most important language skills for students to study hard, by reading the knowledge of the pupils will gradually increase, besides developing their ability in other language skills. But reading without comprehension is means nothing because reading comprehension is an active process to get the information from the text.
In those cases above, a suitable strategy in teaching is a necessity to be conducted in the classroom  to achieve the purpose of study. So, by implementing think aloud the reading comprehension skill of students will be increased.


CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHOD


In this chapter, the researcher is going discuss the identification of the variables, research design, place and time of the research, population and sample, reasearch instrument, technique of data collection and the technique of data analysis.
3.1  Research Variables
In every research  it is important to know the variable that is going to be observed. Before the researcher determiner the variable of the research, it is better if we know the meaning of the variable. Sugiyono (2012: 38) stated, “Variabel penelitian pada dasarnya adalah segala sesuatu yang berbentuk apa saja yang ditetapkan oleh peneliti untuk dipelajari sehingga diperoleh informasi tentang hal tersebut, kemudian ditarik kesimpulannya”. It means that variable is important for our research because it is object of the research and it will be observed when we do a research.
In this research there are two variables; independent variable and dependent variable. Sugiyono (2012:39) explained, “Variabel Independen sering disebut variabel stimulus, prediktor, antecedent. Dalam Bahasa Indonesia sering disebut variabel bebas. Variabel bebas merupakan variabel yang mempengaruhi atau yang menjadi sebab perubahan atau timbulnya variabel dependen (terikat)”. It means that the independent variable can influence another variable. The researcher stated that the independent variable of  this research is Think Aloud Strategy.
Sugiyono (2012:39) added, “Variabel dependen sering disebut sebagai variabel terikat.  Variabel terikat merupakan variabel yang dipengaruhi atau yang menjadi akibat, karena adanya variabel bebas”. It means that dependent variable is something that is influenced by another variable. In this research, the researcher finds that the dependent variable is Students’ reading comprehension skill.
3.2  Technique and Research Approach

    A.            Technique of the Research
Technique that is used by the researcher in this research is experimental research. The researcher uses this technique because this research has purpose to know the effect of Think Aloud strategy in increasing the students’ reading comprehension skill. In this research, the researcher gives the treatment to the students by using Think Aloud. According to Sugiyono, “Sugiyono (2009: 107), “Dalam penelitian eksperimen ada perlakuan (treatment), sedangkan dalam penelitian naturalistik tidak ada perlakuan. Dengan demikian metode penelitian eksperimen dapat diartikan sebagai metode penelitian yang digunakan untuk mencari pengaruh perlakuan tertentu terhadap yang lain dalam kondisi yang terkendalikan”.
The design of this experimental research is Pre-Experimental Design especially One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The treatment that is designed by the researcher is based on the characteristics and level of eight grade junior high school. In this research, the researchers use 1 class to conduct the research. The researchers give the students pre test, treatment, and post test. In pre test and post test, the students are given 5 multiple choice questions that must be answered by them. In treatment, the researcher teaches the students by using think aloud strategy. Technique of research can be drawn as the scheme bellow.
 






     B.            Research Approach
The research design that is used in this study is quantitative. This method is usually called traditional method because it has been used for many years. According to Sugiyono (2009: 13), “Metode kuantitatif dinamakan metode tradisional, karena metode ini sudah cukup lama digunakan sehingga sudah mentradisi sebagai metode untuk penelitian.Metode ini disebut sebagai metode positivistik karena berlandaskan pada filsafat positivisme.Metode ini sebagai metode ilmiah/scientific karna telah memenuhi kaidah-kaidah ilmiah yaitu konkrit/empiris, obyektif, terstruktur, rasional, dan sistematis.Metode ini juga disebut metode discovery, karena dengan metode ini dapat ditemukan dan dikembangkan berbagi iptek baru, Metode ini disebut metode kuantitatif karena data penelitian berupa angka-angka dan analisis menggunakan statistik”. It means that quantitative method is a method that is used to observe the pulation or sample and to collect the data, it uses research instrument that is analyzed statistically to measure the hypothesis.
3.3  Place and Time of the Research
    A.            Place
Choosing the place is very important step in having research in order to gat data. In this research, the researcher chooses SMAN 1 Kras as the place to get data. This school often gets a reward from Education and Culture Department because the teachers have been working hard to increase education quality at the school and from the students; the often win the athlentic competition. There are some facilities in this school like; mosque, canteen, library, etc. And there are some extra activities in this school like Scout, traditional dance, vocal group, etc.
     B.            Time
The arrangement of time schedule is important to conduct the research since it will determine how long the research will be held. In this research, the researcher held the research during the even semester of the 9th   grade students of SMAN 1 Kras. In order to make the research run well, the time schedule is as follow;
No
Research
Activities
March
April
May
June
July
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1.
Proposing the title

  ĂĽ  V


















2.
Arranging the research
a.Chapter I
b.Chapter II
c.Chapter III




















3.
Getting license from rector




















4.
Asking permission to the junior high  school




















5.
Conducting the research
a.Giving pre test
b.Giving treatment
c.Giving post test




















6.
Collecting the data




















7.
Analyzing the data




















8.
Writing the report of the research





















3.4  Population and Sample
    A.            Population
Connecting with the population of the research, it is better if we know the meaning of the population first, as Sugiyono (2009: 117) stated, “Populasi adalah wilayah generalisasi yang terdiri atas: obyek/subyek yang mempunyai kualitas dan karakteristik tertentu yang ditetapkan  oleh peneliti untuk dipelajari dan kemudian ditarik kesimpulannya”. By understanding the statement above, we know that the population is an entire object of the research. So, in choosing the population, the researcher decides to use the learners that have the different characteristics to be experimented. Finally the researcher decides the students at Class XII IPA 3 of 12th grade of SMAN 1 Kras, Kediri that consist of 6 classes  with 180 students as the population of the research.
     B.            Sample
Sample is a direct target of the research that is going to be observed. Sugiyono (2009: 118) stated, “Bagian dari jumlah dan karakteristik yang dimiliki oleh populasi tersebut”. It means that it should be representative to the population. In another reference, Arikunto (1998: 120) suggested that sample is a part of representative of population that are examined or investigated. Furthermore he also states that if the population less than hundred, the whole numbers of population must be taken. But if the populations are more than 100, it can be taken between 10-15%, 20-25% or more than it. So, it is necessary for the researcher to determine the population. Finally, the researcher decided the sample of this research is the class XII IPA 3 of Class XII IPA 3 of 12th grade students of SMAN 1 Kras, Kediri. It consists of 40 students (18 males , 22 females). The researcher chose the sample because of following reasons; first, class XII IPA 3 has the lowest score in reading comprehension compared with other classes, so class XII IPA 3 might be a representative of Class XII IPA 3 of 12th grade students in SMAN 1 Kras. Second, it numbers are 20-25% from the population. The last, this class consist of almost equal gender (18 males and 22 females).
3.5  The Research Instrument
In this study, the researcher use test to get the scores of the pupils. Arikunto (1998: 130) states that: test is question which is used to measure the skills, knowledge, intelligence, achievement aptitude, and another capability of someone or a group of people. It is in line with what Brown (1994: 253) states that: a test has a purpose of measuring a test measures a person’s ability or knowledge.
While Nurkancana (1986: 25) states that test is a way to conduct the research in task form, compared with another by using pupils’ mark. In the presents study, the instrument use is multiple-choice, consist of 5 questions with 1 passages
3.6  Technique of Collecting Data
In this research, the technique of collecting the data used by the reesearcher is vocabulary test.the reesearcher collects the data by asking the students to answer the following questions about things in the classroom and  instruction. There are two process of collecting the data.
Data will be collected during the test through some steps including pre-test, and delifering post-test. The pre-test will be given first to the students before the implementation done. The post-test will be conducted after the implementaion.
a.                   The Pre-Test
The Pre Test is conducted of One-Group Pretest-Post before the treatment given. It means that the researcher wants to get the data of the students without the influence of independent variable.
b.                  Treatments
The reesearcher gives the students treatments twice. In this treatment, the reesearcher teach the students using think aloud strategy.
c.                   The Post Test
In this research, the technique of collecting the data used by the researcher is reading test. The questions will be similar as in pre test. It is given like that because the researcher wants to know the effectiveness of using think aloud as a strategy in teaching reading comprehension. There is any different data or not after the students taught using think aloud.

3.6  Technique of Data Analysis
The technique of data analysis used by the writer is t-test non independent. This technique is used to prove the hypothesis based on the writer said in previous chapter. From this process, the writer will know whether this research is significant or not by looking at the result of pre test and post test.
Based on Arikunto (2006: 306), the formula of t-test non indepandent sample is:
t =
Md      : mean from the different score of pre-test and post-test (post test-pre test)
Xd  : deviation of each subject (d-Md)
   : sum of square deviation
N         : sample
d.b         : determined by N-1
The Norms to get the conclusion :
To know the significant of t-test,the writer must be compared it to t-table as follows:
1.                  If the t-score  t-table in the degree of significance 5%, it means that the research is significance. So, Ha is accepted.
2.                  If the t-score  t-table in the degree of significance 5%, it means that the research is not significance. So, Ha is rejected and Ho is accepted.
3.                  The writer can conclude about   and t-test as follows: if      it is mean that Ho is rejected, and it can be conclude that the using of word hunt to teh studens’ vocabulary.


BIBLIOGRAPHY
Arikunto, Suharsimi. (1998). Prosedur Penelitian. Bandung: Bina Aksara.
Block, C.C., & Israel, S.E. (2004). ABC of performing of highly effective think aloud. Source,
The Reading Teacher, 58 (2) (Oct., 2004), 154-167
Bolgar, Robert Ralph. (1998). Teaching Methods. England: Encyclopedia Compact Disk.
Brown,D.(1994). Experimental Method. New York:Longman
Cardona, G. (1999). PedagogĂ­a  de la lectura en una lengua extranjera, Manizales, Colombia: Universidad de Caldas.
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